Avian influenza (English: avian influenza) is an infectious disease caused by viruses that normally infect birds and mammals.
Sources of Avian Influenza Virus Transmission
The cause of bird flu is a type A influenza virus that spreads among birds. The virus is then found to be capable also spread to other species such as pigs, cats, dogs, tigers, and humans.
Influenza virus type A has several subtypes are characterized by hemagglutinin (H) and Neuramidase (N). There are 9 variants H and 14 variants of N. Bird flu virus is contagious right now is the H5N1 subtype that has an incubation time of 3-5 days.
Modes of Transmission of Bird Flu VirusMicrographs of the bird flu virus in the final stages
Domestication of wild birds and poultry (livestock) can be a source of H5N1 spreaders. In Southeast Asia most cases of bird flu occurred in poultry farms transportation routes or instead of wild bird migration routes.
This virus can be transmitted through air or contact through food, drink, and touch. However, this virus will die in high temperatures. Therefore, meat, eggs, and animals should be thoroughly cooked to avoid infection. Personal hygiene should be maintained also by washing hands with antiseptic. Cleanliness of body and clothing also needs to be maintained.
The virus can survive in cold temperatures. Raw foods refrigerated or frozen to keep the virus. Hands should be washed before and after cooking or touching raw food.
Poultry should not be kept in the house or room in which to live. Livestock must be kept away from the housing to reduce the risk of transmission. Not always when contracting the virus will cause illness. However, this can be dangerous at a later date because the virus is always mutating so that it has the potential pathogen at a time.
Therefore, if found animals or birds that died suddenly the authorities will make allegations of bird flu. To prevent transmission, other animals in the vicinity of the bird flu berkasus need to be destroyed and prevented from spreading!
Symptoms and Disease Care exposed to Bird Flu Virus
Common symptoms that can occur are high fever, respiratory complaints, and (possibly) of the abdomen. Replication of virus in the body can be run quickly so that patients need immediate medical attention. Handling medical and drug delivery conducted by authorized medical personnel. The drugs are usually given for fever and anti-virus. Among the antivirus that can be used is the type that inhibits replication of neuramidase (neuramidase inhibitors), such as Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir. Each of the antivirus has side effects and should be given within a certain time so that the necessary opinion doctor.
Cases of Bird Flu Virus Spread
On July 21, 2005, three fatal cases occurred in Tangerang, Indonesia, caused by bird flu subtype H5N1. In contrast to other cases in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam), the case is considered unique because the victim is not much to do with poultry.
Until June 6, 2007, the WHO has recorded as many as 310 cases with 189 deaths in humans are caused by these viruses are as follows (see resources)
* Indonesia - 99 cases with 79 deaths.
* Vietnam - 93 cases with 42 deaths.
* Egypt - 34 cases with 14 deaths.
* Thailand - 25 cases with 17 deaths.
* People's Republic of China - 25 cases with 16 deaths.
* Turkey - 12 cases with 4 deaths.
* Azerbaijan - 8 cases with 5 deaths.
* Cambodia - 7 cases with 7 deaths.
* Iraq - 3 cases with 2 deaths.
* Laos - 2 cases with 2 deaths.
* Nigeria - a case with 1 death.
* Djibouti - 1 cases with no deaths.
Description: number of cases reported to WHO is the number of cases that have been verified by laboratory results.Early Bird Flu Disease OutbreakEarly outbreaks on farms in the world who have been confirmed since December 2003. Outbreaks of bird flu has also hit the African continent. On February 8, 2006, OIE declared Nigeria as the first country to have a positive case of bird flu on the continent. Two weeks later, the H5N1 virus was found in a small village in Niger, about 72 km from the border with Nigeria. The virus also spread to Egypt and Cameroon.
Desember 2003 | Korea Selatan | H5N1 |
Januari 2004 | Vietnam | H5N1 |
Thailand | H5N11 | |
Korea Utara | H5N1 | |
Jepang | H5N1 | |
Laos | H5 | |
Kamboja | H5N1 | |
Pakistan | H7 | |
Taiwan | H5N2 | |
Hongkong2 | H5N11 | |
Februari 2004 | Vietnam | H5N1 |
Indonesia | H5N11 | |
Korea Utara | H5N11 | |
Jepang | H5N11 | |
RRC | H5N11 | |
Amerika Serikat | H2N2,H5N2,H7N2 | |
Maret 2004 | Vietnam | H5 |
Kanada | H7N31 | |
April 2004 | Thailand | H51 |
Agustus 2004 | Malaysia | H5N1 |
Afrika Selatan | H5N2 | |
April 2005 | Korea Utara | H7 |
Juni 2005 | Jepang | H5N2 |
Juli 2005 | Filipina | H5 |
Rusia | H5N11 | |
Agustus 2005 | Kazakhstan | H5 |
Mongolia | H5N11 | |
Oktober 2005 | Rumania | H5 |
Turki | H5N11 | |
Kroasia | H5N11 | |
November 2005 | Vietnam | H5N11 |
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